Wood has been the preferred material for numerous projects because of its classic appeal and unmatched natural beauty.
Despite its appealing appearance, wood is not immune to the effects of aging and the decrease in quality caused by environmental factors, even the best wooden constructions can gradually succumb to wear and degradation when exposed to moisture, insects, and other degrading factors.
Traditional hardeners which have been widely used to preserve wood have been known to cause several environmental damages, which is why environmentally friendly alternatives have been embraced lately.
We will carefully look into these environmentally friendly alternatives in this article, explaining each of them in detail to help you discover which alternative is best for you as we explore “The wood hardener alternative”.
Why use wood hardener?
Wood hardeners penetrate deep into the wood fibers, strengthening any weak spots and boosting structural integrity, this is particularly beneficial for older or brittle wood.
Wood hardeners make a barrier against moisture, insects, and other substances that cause wood degradation by sealing the wood and filling up cracks and crevices, the lifespan of the wood is greatly increased as a result.
Before applying a wood filler or other repair materials when working on a wood restoration job, a wood hardener can act as a wood stabilizer and stabilize wood to guarantee a stronger and more durable repair and make the wood stronger.
Wood hardener: overview
Wood hardeners are specialized products made to strengthen wood and increase the durability of weak wood, they work by creating a strong bond that penetrates deep into the wood fibers, solidifying the structure of the wood.
Once applied, the hardener fortifies the wood, reducing its vulnerability to decay, insects, and general wear and tear, in addition to preventing deterioration, wood hardeners also offer a solid foundation for a wood filler or any future restoration on the wood.
When a piece of wood or wooden furniture rots or decays due to prolonged exposure to moisture or fungi, a wood hardener can halt the progression and prevent further deterioration, impacting the overall strength of the wood and making the wood stronger.
Soft wood like pine is more prone to damage than hardwood, these soft wood can be strengthened with wood hardeners, prolonging its lifespan and making the wood pieces stronger.
Buildings made of wood are prone to damage by termites and other wood-boring insects this can also be prevented by wood hardeners.
Limitations of traditional wood hardeners
Pollution. The environmental impact of traditional wood hardeners is a growing concern, many of these products contain non-renewable resources or contribute to air and water pollution during manufacturing and application.
Difficulty in application. Applying some wood hardeners can be difficult, particularly in tight spaces or complex woodwork, for complex wood constructions, proper and even application can be difficult due to factors like the thin consistency of the product.
Presence of toxic chemicals. Traditional wood hardeners often contain hazardous substances such as formaldehyde or solvents that might be bad for the environment and the general health of individuals, which is why using your own wood hardener alternative is recommended.
Color limitation. Some traditional hardeners can alter the wood’s natural color or appearance, resulting in a glossy or unpleasing finish.
Incompatibility. Traditional hardeners are made to function on dry or slightly moist wood, the hardener’s efficiency may be greatly reduced if applied to wood with a high moisture level.
Wood hardener alternatives
Considering the limitations of traditional hardeners, most people now go for a homemade wood hardener or any eco-friendly alternative, these alternatives are explained below.
Tung oil
Tung oil has been used as a protective finish for a wood surface for a long time, it is made from the seeds of the Tung tree, and in addition to being a brilliant wood finish, Tung oil is also a remarkable wood hardener.
Tung oil increases the strength and resilience of wood by penetrating the fibers deeply and producing a more solid wood, this DIY wood hardener is well-liked among professional woodworkers and individuals looking for a long-lasting and efficient solution because it is a great option for repairing rotted wood.
Tung oil creates a robust barrier within the wood, shielding it from moisture, UV rays, and general wear and tear, it strengthens the wood, lowering its chances of rotting, splitting, or cracking.
Tung oil, in contrast to certain synthetic wood hardeners, enhances the natural beauty of the wood rather than distorting its look, it leaves a rich and organic finish by enhancing the wood’s texture and grain.
Shellac
Shellac is a natural resin that has been prized for generations as a material that not only provides fine finishes but also powerful protection which makes it perfect for hardening wood.
It is gotten from the excretions of the female Lac insect and it stands out as a flexible and brilliant wood hardener.
Shellac seals the surface and ties the wood fibers together when applied on a wooden surface, which allows it to penetrate the fibers, the wood is strengthened by the binding process, enhancing its sturdiness and strength.
Shellac can be used as an independent finish or as a coating underneath varnish or wax, its compatibility with various coatings makes it very valuable in the woodworking world.
Multiple coats can be applied fast with shellac thanks to its quick drying time, the finishing process is made easier by this feature, which makes it a popular option for countless people, Shellac is a natural resin, free of toxic chemicals which means it is safe to use wood hardener even in indoor environments or on objects that come into contact with food.
Epoxy resin
Epoxy resin is a two-part adhesive composed of a resin and a hardener, these elements interact chemically when mixed, creating a strong bond with the fibers of the wood, while epoxy resin is widely recognized for its versatility in various applications, it has also earned acclaim as an exceptional wood hardener.
Epoxy wood glue can be mixed with wood flour and it has a remarkable capacity to penetrate deep into wood pores, ensuring that it strengthens even the most damaged wood to prevent further damage, so when you use wood hardener or wood glue, the strength and stability of the wood are greatly increased.
Epoxy resin stops moisture and other harmful materials from penetrating a piece of wood by sealing the surface and filling in cracks and holes, preventing further decay and deterioration of the piece of wood.
Epoxy resin is a great material for a variety of woodworking tasks because it can be applied to harden soft wood and even hardwood, Epoxy resin’s resilience against weathering, moisture, and UV rays provides long-lasting protection for both indoor and outdoor wood structures.
Vinegar
Vinegar which is a simple kitchen ingredient has been used for ages to reinforce wood, leaving behind a subtle but compelling shift.
Acetic acid which is a constituent of vinegar, interacts with wood fibers to increase its hardness and resistance to decay making this natural method for preserving wood straightforward and efficient.
Vinegar, being a natural and non-toxic substance, presents an eco-friendly alternative for those who seek a sustainable method for hardening wood, it is an excellent option for enthusiasts or those on a tight budget because it is easily accessible and very cost-effective.
Applying vinegar as a wood hardener is a straightforward process, involving direct application with a brush or cloth, some wood species may undergo a subtle darkening effect when treated with vinegar, adding to the wood’s natural beauty and making the wood pieces stronger.
Acrylic hardeners
The need for water-based substitutes in the woodworking industry has increased as more people embrace environmentally conscious habits, Acrylic wood hardeners have become popular as practical and environmentally friendly alternatives, providing a long-term approach for protecting wood and giving it a waterproof and weatherproof finish.
Acrylic wood hardeners are a more environmentally friendly option because they are water-based and have a low concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which harm both indoor air quality and the environment.
Acrylic wood hardeners dry quickly, speeding up the finishing process and enabling more coats to be applied in a shorter amount of time.
To improve the adherence and endurance of the following coatings, acrylic wood hardeners serve as an excellent base for paint or finishes.
Acrylic wood hardeners are suited for indoor uses and present minimal health concerns to users due to the low levels of dangerous elements they contain.
Polyurethane
Polyurethane is a synthetic resin that forms a protective layer when applied to wood surfaces, when used as a wood hardener, polyurethane excels in strengthening the wood, protecting it from moisture, and offering a durable surface that lasts for many years.
Wood is protected from moisture, stains, and scratches by the long-lasting, water-resistant coating provided by polyurethane, this protection is especially valuable for high-traffic areas and outdoor wooden structures.
Polyurethane, which comes in glossy finishes, gives the wood a beautiful shine that enhances its natural beauty and draws attention to the cool grain patterns.
With various application methods, including brush-on, spray-on, and wipe-on options, polyurethane caters to both professionals and individuals, ensuring a smooth and even coat.
Polyurethane is widely recognized for its durability and capacity to keep up its protective qualities even in challenging circumstances.
How to apply it properly?
To ensure the best results, it is important to apply wood hardener properly to enhance its effectiveness, the recommended steps are detailed below.
Preparation for the application
The first step is preparing the surface for the wood hardener, this involves removing any dirt or loose particles from the wood surface using a soft cloth, then lightly sanding the surface to create a smooth texture to ensure better penetration.
Before applying the wood hardener to the entire surface, perform a test on a small area to observe how the wood reacts to the wood hardener.
Application process
When you’re done with the preparation process, the next thing to do is to apply the wood hardener, if the wood hardener is in liquid form, give it a thorough stir to ensure an even distribution of its components.
Apply the wood hardener uniformly to the wood surface using a brush, sponge, or cloth, make sure the entire surface is covered, paying close attention to any visible damage.
Multiple coats
Lightly sand the wood surface to get it ready for the second coat once the first coat has dried.
Apply the wood hardener in two additional layers, letting each one dry completely before applying the next.
Note that applying multiple coats is completely optional.
Multiple applications of wood hardener may be used to severely damaged or rotted wood to achieve better results and prevent further damage.
Finishing touches
You can add the finishing touches once the wood hardener has completely dried and penetrated the wood fibers.
Depending on the desired outcome, you may choose to apply paint, stain, or other finishes over the wood hardener for added protection and aesthetics, you can also consider coating with polyurethane for an additional layer of protection.
Factors to consider when choosing the wood hardener
Wood type. Identifying the type and state of the wood you’re working with is the first step in choosing the best wood hardener, different species of wood have different densities and porosities, requiring particular products to provide the best results.
Safety. Choosing eco-friendly wood hardeners is becoming a priority for many, to reduce the impact on the environment and protect the safety of people applying the wood hardener, look for products with low levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and harmful chemicals.
Longevity. The longevity of wood is one of the most important factors to consider when choosing, the capacity of wood hardeners to offer persistent protection is a crucial feature, examine how long the product will last and how resistant it is to wear, weather, and UV radiation.
Drying time. Consider the wood hardener’s drying time and application ease, especially if you have time constraints or a large-scale project, some wood hardeners may require multiple coats, with each coat needing sufficient drying time.
Can epoxy harden wood?
Epoxy is a very popular and effective substance that is widely used to harden wood because of its accessibility and cost-effectiveness.
What is a hardener’s main purpose?
The purpose of a hardener is to generally boost the structural integrity of wood, hardened wood has a better quality and an increased lifespan.
FAQ
What can I use as a wood hardener?
Several substances can be used as a hardener, they include shellac, vinegar, and tung oil.
What liquid is used to harden rotted wood?
Liquid wood hardeners such as epoxy resins can be used to harden wood rotted wood, other hardeners like acrylic resin can also be used for rotted wood.
Does Minwax wood hardener harden?
Minwax wood hardener is a very popular and widely used product for wood hardening, Minwax wood hardener works on both soft and hard woods alike.
What are the ingredients in wood hardener?
Ingredients in a wood hardener include fillers, resins, and solvents among several others.
How do you solidify rotten wood?
You can solidify rotted wood by using a wood hardener which is designed to penetrate deep into the wood.
Conclusion
Choosing the right wood hardener is essential in preserving and fortifying the beauty and strength of wood in your woodworking projects. By considering factors like wood type and following the detailed procedure in this article you can choose the best alternative the market has to offer and add a touch of class to your woodwork.
